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23 Beekman Place is an apartment building in the far east side of midtown Manhattan, in Turtle Bay. This building was created by Paul Rudolph, an American architect and once dean of Yale University. It is one of the last of his buildings still standing in New York City. The architectural features of its four-level penthouse include a slender steel skeletal structure and a stepped succession of concrete panels cantilevering over an existing older brownstone,〔("Look Alive! Paul Rudolph's Manhattan loft at 23 Beekman Place hits the market," The Architect's Newspaper, December 14, 2012 )〕 large walls of glass with panoramic East River views, high ceilings, and open floor plans. The facades come and appear from different time periods, but the cement on both of the facades blends the time periods. Rudolph was commissioned for the project, even though the building ended up being his personal residency, in 1967〔 and began construction and continued to work on it until his death in 1997.〔 Rudolph received negative feedback from the neighbors of 23 Beekman Place (the neighboring buildings who did not want attention drawn to the area ) but he was still cleared to designnd build on top of the brownstone. The apartment continues to be renovated every few years as it changes hands from owner to owner with the price rising from one transaction to the next. The original construction was marked as finished in 1982 but underwent a big renovation which started in 2001 and was completed in 2006 upon the request of the first owners since Rudolph’s death, Gabriel and Michael Boyd.〔 The Boyds “converted the four apartments and penthouse into a single-family residence.” Another significant renovation was ordered by an anonymous owner going under the title Ruppert LLC and was the more controversial of the renovations as it changed some of the materials and the essential and unique traits of the home.〔 ==History== 23 Beekman Place is located between 50th and 51st Streets on the east side of the street. It is approximately 20 feet wide and is sectioned into 2 distinct parts: the five-story masonry structure and the addition of a four-story penthouse cantilevering over the front and back of the building. The two sections are very distinct from one another. The image is of a pristine tophat being placed on an old raggedy man. The styles of construction are not only different but invoke opposition to the extreme; a white and black building separating at the waist. The building was originally opened in the 1860s and traded a number of hands, one being Beekman himself, before Rudolph was the owner. Paul Marvin Rudolph began his relationship with 23 Beekman Place in 1961 when he leased the fourth floor apartment.〔 In 1965, he claimed the apartment at his permanent residence. About 10 years later, Rudolph bought 23 Beekman Place for $300,000〔 and began converting it into the five apartments including the multi-dimensional penthouse that it stands as now. Before 23 Beekman Place, Rudolph worked on the Erwin P. Staller Residence in 1973, located in Lloyd Harbor, New York.〔 Paul Rudolph completed only six buildings in New York City, and 23 Beekman Place was one of the most famous works which drew on concepts from a number of his other projects tackled during his career. His later work was based in Southeast Asia; it is said that 23 Beekman Place offers anticipating aspects of that work.〔 Rudolph’s style was considered within the “‘second generation’” modernists. He trained at Harvard University in the 1940s studying under Walter Gropius (Bauhaus founder) but became unsatisfied by the International Style as he thought it was “‘monotonous’ and ‘timid’”.〔 He understood modernism as the foundation of architecture, something meant to be built off. Similar to Rudolph’s respect for pre-existing styles, he respected the structure of the already standing brownstone at 23 Beekman Place and saw it as a structure “meant to be built off” which is exactly what he did. He experimented with industrial materials and concrete was one that proved most essential, even though some of his greatest work didn’t use it as a primary material. The penthouse was made of steel which he would paint brown when exposed to “contrast with the color of the concrete panels". Rudolph saw his penthouse as a secret observation deck that he could escape to; “it served as his private laboratory in which the layered interior organization is expressed on the exterior through the play of open and closed forms that project out, rise up, and receded from the street”, according to one source.〔 He played with the way a building looked on the inside as well as on the outside and the different perspectives it could be enjoyed from. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「23 Beekman Place」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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